[61] Nevertheless, a perceived threat of "Ukrainian separatism" set in motion a set of measures aimed at the russification of the "Little Russians". Another incident took place on the border between Belgorod and Luhansk oblasts when an apparently inebriated Russian tractor driver decided to cross the border to Ukraine along with his two friends on 28 August 2013. [211], Russia and Ukraine share 2,295 kilometres (1,426 mi) of border. What country has the largest Muslim population? [44], Russia has an embassy in Kyiv and consulates in Kharkiv, Lviv, and Odessa. [44] During the martial law (and starting on 30 November 2018) Ukraine banned all Russian men between 16 and 60 from entering the country for the period of the martial law with exceptions for humanitarian purposes. These demonstrations, which followed the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, and which were part of a wider group of concurrent pro-Russian prote… "We call on the participating states to condemn Russia's political persecution of Ukrainian citizens and … Russia has deep cultural, economic, and political bonds with Ukraine, and in many ways Ukraine is central to Russia’s identity and vision for itself in the world. [14] On 18 March 2014, a treaty on incorporating Crimea and Sevastopol into Russia was signed in Moscow and in five days the "Constitutional Law on admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea and establishing within the Russian Federation the New Constituent Entities the Republic of Crimea and the City of Federal Importance Sevastopol" was quickly pushed through the Russian parliament, signed by the Russian President and entered into force. In response, Ukraine initiated multiple international-court litigations against Russia, as well as suspending all types of military cooperation and military exports. [45] Since then, Ukraine's highest diplomatic representation in Russia has been its temporary chargé d'affaires. [134], According to Taras Kuzio, Viktor Yanukovych was the most pro-Russian and neo-Soviet president to have been elected in Ukraine. Almost all the major rivers in Ukraine flow northwest to southeast through the plains to empty into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. [39] Russia did not reciprocate, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov responded by saying that "Moscow should not be like Kyiv" and should not impose "black lists" and restrictions on the cultural figures of Ukraine. [180][181] Also on March 27, 2016, Dmitry Kozak was appointed to greatly strengthen Crimea's social, political, and economic ties to Russia. [58] The former, having successfully united all the remnants of the Rus' northern provinces, swelled into a powerful Russian state. followed similar measures. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The situation caused some observers to characterize frostiness in 2014 as assuming an adversarial nature, or presaging the advent of Cold War II and World War III. [84][98], In February 2008 Russia unilaterally withdrew from the Ukrainian–Russian intergovernmental agreement on SPRN signed in 1997.[99]. Family ties. Russia's 2008 routing of Georgian troops from South Ossetia and its occupation of Abkhazia, and likewise, Ukraine's "Maidan" protests of 2013-2014, had culminated in … The peninsula—a large protrusion into the Black Sea—is connected to the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus. Currently, the two countries are engaged in the Russo-Ukrainian War which started in 2014 following Russian annexation of Crimea from Ukraine. [27], In March 2018, the Ukrainian border guards detained in the Sea of Azov the Russian-flagged, Crimean-registered fishing vessel Nord, accusing the crew of entering "territory, which has been under a temporary occupation". ", "Klimkin: Russia trying to force renegotiation of Minsk deals", "П'яні росіяни на тракторі незаконно в'їхали в Україну", "П'яні росіяни на тракторі порушили кордон України", "Ukraine to be observer in Russia-led trade bloc", "Russia offers Ukraine major economic assistance", "Ukraine to issue Eurobonds; Russia will purchase $15 bln, says Russian finance minister", "Ukraine still wants historic pact with EU", "Ukraine police move on protesters and opposition party", "Ukraine media see Kremlin pressure over EU", "Ukraine crisis: What's going on in Crimea? [28] Russia denies this,[28] but in December 2015, Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin admitted that Russian military intelligence officers were operating in Ukraine, insisting though that they were not the same as regular troops. [16] On 17 April 2014, President Putin stated that the Russian military had backed Crimean separatist militias, stating that Russia's intervention was necessary "to ensure proper conditions for the people of Crimea to be able to freely express their will".[17]. Corrections? West of the Volyn-Podilsk Upland, in extreme western Ukraine, the parallel ranges of the Carpathian Mountains—one of the most picturesque areas in the country—extend for more than 150 miles (240 km). On 5 September 2014 the Ukrainian government and representatives of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic signed a tentative truce (ceasefire – the agreement). Russia initiated provocations intended to create the impression that Ukraine’s post-revolutionary leadership was continuing in the violent and racist footsteps of … [186], Early March 2014, and prior to its independence referendum, all broadcast of Ukraine-based TV channels was suspended in Crimea. [176] Russia responded with similar measures against Ukraine and its supporters but did not publicly reveal the list of people or entities sanctioned. With the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. in December 1991, Ukraine gained full independence. "[133], On 2 December 2009, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Petro Poroshenko and Lavrov agreed on gradually abandoning the compilation of lists of individuals banned from entering their countries. Putin also claimed that Moscow had evidence proving that Ukrainian military experts were present in the conflict zone during the war. [189] Following a breakdown in mutual business ties, Ukraine also ceased supply of components that were used in production of military equipment by Russia. The Holodomor famine extended to many Soviet republics, including Russia and Kazakhstan. Learn more about Ukraine in this article. Scholars disagree on the relative importance of natural factors and bad economic policies as causes of the famine and the degree to which the destruction of the Ukrainian peasantry was premeditated on the part of Soviet leadership. A number of territorial disputes exist between two countries: Diplomatic relations between Russia and Ukraine. [37] Later that month, the Ukrainian National Council for TV and Radio Broadcasting ordered measures against some Russian TV channels which were accused of broadcasting misleading information about Ukraine. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [19] The ceasefire imploded amidst intense new fighting in January 2015. Swallow's Nest Castle overlooking the Black Sea, Yalta, Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine. [262][263], In December 2019, Ukraine and Russia agreed to implement a complete ceasefire in eastern Ukraine by the year-end. [11][12] This government organized the 2014 Crimean status referendum on 14 March 2014 in which the voters voted overwhelmingly to join Russia. The second major dispute of the 1990s was the city of Sevastopol, with its base of the Black Sea Fleet. [185] In February 2015, Ukraine ended a 1997 agreement that Russians can enter Ukraine with internal ID instead of a travel passport. [91], After a "master plan" to modernize the natural gas infrastructure of Ukraine between the EU and Ukraine was announced (on 23 March 2009) Russian Energy Minister Sergei Shmatko told an investment conference at which the plan was unveiled that it appeared to draw Ukraine legally closer to the European Union and might harm Moscow's interests. [193] In December 2015, Ukrainian lawmakers voted to place a trade embargo on Russia in retaliation of the latter's cancellation of the two countries free-trade zone and ban on food imports as the free-trade agreement between the European Union and Ukraine is to come into force in January 2016. Russia and Ukraine have strong familial bonds that go back centuries. Interactions between the two areas of Russia and Ukraine developed on a formal basis from the 17th century (note the Treaty of Pereyaslav between Moscow and Bohdan Khmelnytsky's cossacks in 1654), but international-level relations ceased when Catherine the Great liquidated the autonomy of the Cossack Hetmanate in 1764. And, unlike other famines in history caused by blight or drought, this was caused when a dictator wanted both to replace Ukraine’s small farms with state-run collectives and punish independence-minded Ukrainians who pose… [41][42][43] As another response to the Kerch Strait incident Ukraine imposed a 30-day martial law period that started on 26 November in 10 Ukrainian border oblasts (regions). Ukraine and Russia have agreed to implement a "full and comprehensive" ceasefire in eastern Ukraine by the end of 2019, after top-level talks. [38] In 2015 Ukraine started banning Russian artists from entering Ukraine and banning other Russian works of culture from the country also when they were considered "a threat to national security". A desire to build Russia’s foreign strategy on the past, namely the Kiyivan Rus, is the idée fixe of Vladimir Putin in Ukraine. [123][124][nb 6][125] In response, Yushchenko wrote a letter which noted he could not agree that the Ukrainian–Russian relations had run into problems and wondered why the Russian president completely ruled out the Russian responsibility for this. [122], On 11 August 2009, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev posted a videoblog on the Kremlin.ru website, and the official Kremlin LiveJournal blog, in which he criticised Yushchenko for what Medvedev claimed was the Ukrainian president's responsibility in the souring of Russia–Ukraine relations and "the anti-Russian position of the current Ukrainian authorities". [215], In March 2014, during the 2014 Crimean crisis, Ukraine barred all exports of weaponry and military equipment to Russia. [40][43][208], The Ukrainian and Russian arms and aviation manufacturing sectors remained deeply integrated following the break-up of the Soviet Union. [196] Lavrov did add that Russian producers and the film industry should take into account "unfriendly attacks of foreign performers in Russia" when implementing cultural projects with them. [219] Ukrainian history is not treated as a separate subject in leading Russian universities but rather incorporated into the history of Russia. [141][142][143] One of the reasons why Rozumovsky wants to create such brigades is the fact that government of Ukraine does not support its officer corps. СТЕНОГРАММА", "Viewing cable 08USNATO290, UKRAINE, MAP, AND THE GEORGIA-RUSSIA CONFLICT", "Russia's Prime Minister Putin: Yuschenko Recalled Naftohaz Ukrainy's Delegation From Talks With Gazprom On December 31", "Putin: Ukraine run by criminals who can't solve economic problems", "WRAPUP 11-EU seeks to finalise Russian gas monitoring deal", "Yuschenko Responds To Medvedev's Unfriendly Statement That Ukraine Must Compensate European Union For Losses During Gas Rows", "Ukrainian president says Russia is to blame for halt in gas supplies to EU", "Kyiv considers Russian president's statement about gas losses compensation unfriendly act", "Ukraine Surprised With Medvedev's Statement Obliging Ukraine To Compensate EU's Losses For Termination Of Gas Supplies To Europe", "Russia suspicious of EU-Ukraine gas "master plan, "UKRAINE/RUSSIA - WikiLeaks: Gryshchenko says Putin has low personal regard for Yanukovych", "Address to the President of Ukraine Victor Yushchenko", "Kiev formally accepts new Russian ambassador to Ukraine", "Лист Президента України Віктора Ющенка Президенту Російської Федерації Дмитру Медведєву", "Yuschenko denies Medvedev's claims about Ukraine's anti-Russian policy", "UPDATE 3-Russia's Medvedev wades into Ukraine polls", "Ukraine has right to make its own choices, says US Department of State official", "Lavrov: Russian-Ukrainian relations should not be over-politicized", "Moscow gives no response to Kyiv's proposal to organize summit, says Lavrov", "Lavrov: contacts between Russian, Ukrainian foreign ministries to continue without pauses", "Kyiv, Moscow to gradually abandon bans on entry for certain individuals", "Russia, Ukraine agree on naval-base-for-gas deal", "Update: Ukraine, Russia ratify Black Sea naval lease", "Kiev gets new gas deal, opposition furious", "Medvedev in Ukraine: 'Witch hunt is over, "У Януковича кажуть, що злиття з монополіями Росії - "не найцікавіше, "На Украине развернут лагеря для желающих воевать в Сирии", "Russian & Ukrainian Volunteers Pledged for Syrian Army", "The Voice of Russia: Russian-Ukrainian volunteer corps going to Syria to fight", "Російсько-український добровольчий корпус може відправитися воювати за Дамаск", "В Азовском море столкнулись российский и украинский корабли: минимум 2 человека погибли", "Two Ukrainians killed, two missing after fishing launch collides with Russian border guards' motorboat in Azov Sea, says Ukraine's Border Service", "Foreign Ministry: Russia investigating case against Ukrainian fisherman who survived collision in Azov Sea", "Survival of Azov Sea incident claims Russian border guards rammed their vessel", "Ukrainian poachers tried to ram their vessel into Russian border guards' motorboat in Sea of Azov - source", "Ukraine says Russia had no right to charge Ukrainian fisherman", "The only survived Ukrainian fisherman is held by force in Russia and is threatened with imprisonment", "Прокуратура РФ взялася за розгляд справи українського моряка, який вижив в Азовському морі", "Ukraine's Employers Federation: Russia's customs service halts all Ukrainian imports", "Russia sets off trade war to prevent Ukraine from signing agreement with EU, says UDAR", "Ukraine Leader Ignores Putin Warning on EU Path", "Russia hits at Ukraine with chocolate war", "Ukraine PM tells Russia to accept "reality" of EU trade deal", "Putin 'deserves medal' for pushing Ukraine towards EU", "О комплексе мер по вовлечению Украины в евразийский интеграционный процесс", "Does Russia Have a Secret Plan for Ukraine? The Dnieper River, with its hydroelectric dams, huge reservoirs, and many tributaries, dominates the entire central part of Ukraine. [68] While Ukraine had physical control of the weapons, it did not have operational control, as they were dependent on Russian-controlled electronic Permissive Action Links and the Russian command and control system. Ukraine's president-elect has mocked Russia's offer to give passports to his countrymen, saying the document would provide "the right to be arrested". [151] The Minister of Justice of Ukraine Olena Lukash acknowledged that Russia has no jurisdiction to prosecute the detained citizen of Ukraine. Ukraine denied the accusation. The middle course of the Donets River, a tributary of the Don, flows through southeastern Ukraine and is an important source of water for the Donets Basin (Donbas). The first was the question of the Crimea which the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic had administered since 1954. Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea hasn’t been recognized by a vast majority of nations and drew U.S. and EU sanctions against Moscow. Ukraine, country located in eastern Europe, the second largest on the continent after Russia. The Crimean Mountains form the southern coast of the peninsula. The autonomous hetman state and Sloboda Ukraine, Right Bank and western Ukraine until the Partitions of Poland, Ukraine under direct imperial Russian rule, Western Ukraine under the Habsburg monarchy, World War I and the struggle for independence, The New Economic Policy and Ukrainization, Western Ukraine under Soviet and Nazi rule, The Orange Revolution and the Yushchenko presidency, Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Ukraine, Ukraine - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ukraine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [155] Some politicians saw that as start of a trade war against Ukraine to prevent Ukraine from signing a trade agreement with the European Union. [citation needed] Further disagreements over the position on Georgia and relations with Russia were among the issues that brought down the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc + Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko coalition in the Ukrainian parliament during September 2008[100] (on 16 December 2008 the coalition did remerge with a new coalition partner, the Lytvyn Bloc[101]). On 5 September 2014, the Ukrainian government and representatives of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic signed a tentative truce (ceasefire – the agreement). [14] On the same day, Russia recognized Crimea as a sovereign state. declared sovereignty (July 16, 1990) and then outright independence (August 24, 1991), a move that was confirmed by popular approval in a plebiscite (December 1, 1991). Russia–Ukraine relations refers to the relations between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Among the country’s lowlands are the Pripet Marshes (Polissya), which lie in the northern part of Ukraine and are crossed by numerous river valleys. [163] Critics pointed out that in the months before the 17 December 2013 deal a change in Russian customs regulations on imports from Ukraine was a Russian attempt to prevent Ukraine to sign an Association Agreement with the European Union. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [36][38] One year later Russian productions (on Ukrainian television) had decreased by 3 to 4 (times). Ukraine is located in eastern Europe and is the second largest country on the continent after Russia. [146], On 17 July 2013 near the Russian coast of the Sea of Azov which is considered as internal waters of both Russia and Ukraine (no boundary delimitation), the Russian coast guard patrol boat collided with a Ukrainian fishing vessel. The rolling plain of the Dnieper Upland, which lies between the middle reaches of the Dnieper (Dnipro) and Southern Buh (Pivdennyy Buh, or the Boh) rivers in west-central Ukraine, is the largest highland area; it is dissected by many river valleys, ravines, and gorges, some more than 1,000 feet (300 metres) deep. A new ceasefire agreement has operated since mid-February 2015, but this agreement also failed to stop the fighting. For a short period of time soon after the communist 1917 October Revolution, the two states interacted again. Throughout March and April 2014, pro-Russian unrest spread in Ukraine, with pro-Russian groups proclaiming "People's Republics" in the oblasts of Donetsk and Luhansk, as of 2017[update] both partially outside the control of the Ukrainian government. the aftermath of the Second World War. The issues that have hurt Russians' view of Ukraine are: Although a large majority of Ukrainians voted for independence in December 1991, in the following years the Russian press portrayed Ukraine's independence as the work of "nationalists" who "twisted" the "correct" instincts of the masses according to a 1996 study. [166] On 1 March without declaration of war, the Russian parliament granted President Vladimir Putin the authority to use military force in Ukraine. And it was Chris… Some artificial lakes have been formed, the largest of which are reservoirs at hydroelectric dams—e.g., the reservoir on the Dnieper upstream from Kremenchuk. [nb 3], The end of the Russian Empire also ended the ban on the Ukrainian language. [235] In the January 2015 survey, 19% wanted eastern Ukraine to become part of Russia and 43% wanted it to become an independent state. [217] Some members of the Russian political elite continued to claim that Ukrainian is a Russian dialect and that Ukraine (and Belarus) should become part of the Russian Federation. Academy of Sciences, Kiev, 1950–75. Ukraine has a few natural lakes, all of them small and most of them scattered over the river floodplains. After the two countries were denied membership of the, The development came after Ukraine accepted the appointment of, In the letter Ukrainian President Yushchenko called Ukraine's position on the, International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Russian annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, Russian representative to the United Nations, sanctions against the Russian Federation and against Ukrainian citizens, Ukraine imposed a 30-day martial law period, relations between Russia and the United States, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, national referendum for independence of Ukraine, trade war against Ukraine to prevent Ukraine from signing a trade agreement, Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present), List of people sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis, to lend Ukraine 15 billion dollars in financial aid and a 33% discount on natural gas prices, Ukraine did not renew its unilaterally declared ceasefire on 1 July 2014, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Ukrainians voted for independence in December 1991. Still Backs Ukraine in NATO", "Ukraine asks to join NATO membership action plan", "Ukraine's envoy to NATO proposes Russian counterpart to focus on his problems", "NATO puts Russia ties ahead of Georgia, Ukraine – Russian envoy", "Путин не заявлял о том, что Украина не является государством. [13] On 17 March 2014, Crimea declared its independence. Ukraine has an embassy in Moscow and consulates in Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen and Vladivostok. Also in the declaration the Ukrainian officials informed that the international transfers of the military specialization equipment between Ukraine and Georgia during the 2006–2008 were conducted in accordance with the earlier established contracts, the laws of Ukraine, and the international treaties. [174][175] 16 minor ships are hence yet to return to Ukraine proper. [191] In October 2015, Ukraine banned all direct flights between Ukraine and Russia. (The four-way Normandy-format peace talks between Germany, France, Russia and Ukraine began in 2014.) [184], On 17 April 2014, President Putin stated that the Russian military had backed Crimean separatist militias, stating that Russia's intervention was necessary "to ensure proper conditions for the people of Crimea to be able to freely express their will". "[200], On 18 January 2018 the Ukrainian parliament passed a law defining areas seized by the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic as "temporarily occupied by Russia. [34][35] In February 2015 the law "On protection information television and radio space of Ukraine," banned the showing (on Ukrainian television) of "audiovisual works" that contain "the popularization, agitation for, propaganda of any action of law enforcement agencies, the armed forces, other armed, military or security forces of the occupier state" was enacted. [41] On 27 December 2018 the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine announced that it had extended "the restrictive measures of the State Border Guard Service regarding the entry of Russian men into Ukraine.”[43] (According to the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine) between 26 November and 26 December 2018 1,650 Russian citizens were refused entry into Ukraine. [213], On 1 January 2018 Ukraine introduced biometric controls for Russians entering the country. [169][170] The Republic of Crimea declared its independence from Ukraine the next day, started seeking UN recognition, and requested to join the Russian Federation. From the beginning of March 2014, demonstrations by pro-Russian and anti-government groups took place in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, together commonly called the "Donbass", in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and the Euromaidan movement. Other groups, including Crimean Tatars, protested in support of the revolution. Potentially strategically sensitive exports from Ukraine to Russia included 300–350 helicopter engines per year as well as various other aircraft engines from Motor Sich in Zaporizhia, intercontinental ballistic missiles from Yuzhmash in Dnipro, missile guidance systems from factories in Kharkiv, 20% of Russia's uranium consumption from mines in Zhovti Vody, 60% of the gears to be used in planned Russian warships from manufacturers Mykolaiv, and oil and gas from the Sea of Azov. At the same time, and in spite of the postcommunist slowdown, Russia came out as the fourth-largest investor in the Ukrainian economy after the US, the Netherlands, and Germany, having contributed $150.6 million out of $2.047 billion in foreign direct investment that Ukraine had received from all sources by 1998.[75]. [citation needed] Analysts like Philip P. Pan (writing for The Washington Post) argued late 2009 that Russian media portrayed the then-Government of Ukraine as anti-Russian. [214] On 22 March 2018 Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko signed a decree that required Russian citizens and "individuals without citizenship, who come from migration risk countries” (more details were not given) to notify the Ukrainian authorities in advance about their reason for travelling to Ukraine. [91], Further worsening of relations was provoked by belligerent statements made in 2007–2008 by both Russian (e.g. Its capital is Kyiv (Kiev). When the Soviet Union began to unravel in 1990–91, the legislature of the Ukrainian S.S.R. [152] According to the wife of the surviving fisherman, the Ukrainian Consul in Russia was very passive in providing any support on the matter. Other countries supporting Ukraine's position (e.g. [19] The ceasefire imploded amidst intense new fighting in January 2015. [46], Some[quantify] analysts[which?] Head, Department of the History of Ukrainian Prerevolutionary Literature, Institute of Literature, Ukrainian S.S.R. From the early 2000s, Putin’s regime has effectively employed hydrocarbons as a foreign policy tool to influence the internal affairs of Ukraine. [65], Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991), Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1950–1991), After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine held almost 5,000 nuclear weapons, about one third of the Soviet nuclear arsenal and the third largest in the world at the time, as well as significant means of its design and production. [44] Martial law was introduced because Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko claimed there was a threat of "full-scale war" with Russia. Most of Ukraine bordered parts of Lithuania, and some say that the name, "Ukraine" comes from the local word for "border," although the name "Ukraine" was also used centuries earlier. This perspective is supposed[by whom?] Russia remained Ukraine's primary market for ferrous metals, steel plate and pipes, electric machinery, machine tools and equipment, food, and products of chemical industry. In 1992, Ukraine agreed to voluntarily remove over 3,000 tactical nuclear weapons. Understand the conflict in Ukraine since it erupted in 2014 and track the latest developments around Russian and U.S. involvement on the Global Conflict Tracker from the … [44] Martial law was introduced because Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko claimed there was a threat of "full-scale war" with Russia. [194] Russia imposes tariffs on Ukrainian goods from January 2016, as Ukraine joins the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the EU. [167] On the same day, the acting president of Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov decreed the appointment of the Prime Minister of Crimea as unconstitutional. On the export side, too, dependence was significant. На что сейчас способны остатки украинского флота", "Мексика вернёт Украине судно, захваченное Россией во время аннексии Крыма", "Russia says has expanded sanctions against U.S., Canada", "Russische "Visasperrliste" vom RAM am 27.5. an EU-Delegation Moskau übergeben", "European Union anger at Russian travel blacklist", "U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid", "Lavrov: West 'twisted arms' of 50 countries to get support for Ukraine resolution in UN", "From Olympics to Crimea, Putin Loyalist Kozak Entrusted with Kremlin Mega-Projects", "Sanctioned Bank Rossiya to Service $36Bln Domestic Electricity Market", "Ukraine cannot normalize relations with Russia without return of Crimea, says Poroshenko", "Russians Will Need Passport to Enter Ukraine", "Ukraine Lawmakers Suspend Military Cooperation With Russia", "Ukraine crisis: US suspends military cooperation with Russia", "Ukraine suspends military and technical cooperation with Russia, says Yatsenyuk", "Ukraine crisis: Why a lack of parts has hamstrung Russia's military", "Trade war with Russia hurts Ukraine less", "Ban due on direct flights between Russia and Ukraine", "Ukraine closes airspace to all Russian planes", "Ukraine's Lawmakers Vote To Allow Trade Embargo Against Russia", "Russia Hits Ukraine With Tariffs Over Imminent Trade Deal With EU", "Актер Зеленский раскритиковал СБУ из-за запрета сериала "Сваты, "СК проверит, финансировал ли Зеленский украинскую армию", "Number of Russians crossing border with Ukraine on decline – border service", "Russia, notably the case of Ukrainian political prisoner Oleg Sentsov, 14 June 2018", "Criticism of Ukraine's language law justified: rights body", "Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals", "Hungary-Ukraine relations hit new low over troop deployment", "Some Russian ships stop cargoes to Ukraine after tanker detained: sources", "Russians from Nord ship swapped for Ukrainian sailors", "Merkel, Macron demand Russia immediately free captive Ukrainian sailors", "Tension escalates after Russia seizes Ukraine naval ships", "Russia-Ukraine tensions rise after Kerch Strait ship capture", "Almost 1,650 Russian citizens refused entry into Ukraine amid martial law – Ukrainian Border Service", "Держприкордонслужба після завершення воєнного стану не пропустила в Україну понад 800 росіян", "Telephone conversation with President of Ukraine Vladimir Zelensky", "Putin and Zelensky hold first discussion with talks on conflict, prisoner swap", "Russia and Ukraine swap prisoners in first sign of thawing relations", "As Ukraine Erects Defenses, Critics Fear Expensive Failure", Ukraine's Wall project on border with Russia implemented by a mere 40% (Document), "Kiev tightens requirements for Russians travelling to Ukraine", "Ukraine factories equip Russian military despite support for rebels", "Zurabov asserts that Russians and Ukrainians are single nation", "Ukraine-Russia Tensions Evident in Crimea", "Russia, Ukraine relationship going sour, say polls", "56 percent of Russians disrespect Ukraine", "Russian attitudes not as icy towards Ukraine", "Poll: Russians like Ukrainians half as much as the other way round", "Poll: Ukrainians still positively disposed to Russia", "Russians Regret Collapse of Soviet Union", "Russians, Ukrainians Evoke Soviet Union", "Russians Would Welcome Association with Ukraine", "Russians Ponder Unification with Ukraine, Belarus", "Poll: Most Russians want mutually beneficial relations with Ukraine", "Ukrainians and Russians support independence, favor greater openness", "Russians see Ukraine as an illegitimate state", "Why Ukraine will always be better than Russia", "32% of Ukrainians call Russia brotherly country – poll", "Russia's Global Image Negative amid Crisis in Ukraine", "NATO Publics Blame Russia for Ukrainian Crisis, but Reluctant to Provide Military Aid", "DW-Trend: українці вважають, що між РФ і Україною точиться війна", "Ukrainian Approval of Russia's Leadership Dives Almost 90%", "Poll: More than 88% of Ukrainians say 'nyet' to joining Russia", "Why ethnopolitics doesn't work in Ukraine", "Historical claim shows why Crimea matters to Russia", "Readout of President Obama's Call with President Putin", "Condemnation isn't enough for Russian actions in Crimea", "In Kyiv, Harper calls for 'complete reversal' of Crimea annexation", "Ukraine crisis: David Cameron joins Angela Merkel in expressing anxiety and warns that 'the world is watching, "Russia suspended from G8 over annexation of Crimea, Group of Seven nations says", "Memorandum on Security Assurances in connection with Ukraine's accession to the Treaty on the NPT", "Too Bad Ukraine Didn't Keep Its 2,000 Nuclear Weapons", "State Duma approves denunciation of Russian-Ukrainian agreements on Black Sea Fleet", "Ukraine's government backs termination of agreement signed in 2003 with Russia on liquidation, return of aircraft at repair plants", "Ukraine terminates broadcasting deal with Russia", "Zelensky: Indefinite ceasefire should start by year-end", "NATO Secretary-General: Russia's Annexation of Crimea Is Illegal and Illegitimate", "G8 suspends Russia for annexation of Crimea", "UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity", "United Nations A/RES/68/262 General Assembly", "In First Interview Since Departure, Russia's Former 'Gray Cardinal' Questions Existence Of Ukraine", "The Legitimacy of Russia's Actions in Ukraine", OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine, International reactions to the war in Donbass, Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russia–Ukraine_relations&oldid=997159616, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2017, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from August 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Infobox bilateral relations usage without maps, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2016, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Union Workers'-Peasants' treaty (28 December 1920), Union treaty (30 December 1922; 31 January 1924) (surpassed by the, ratified by the 9th All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets (May 1924), Treaty between the Russian SFSR and the Ukrainian SSR (Kyiv, 19 November 1990) (surpassed by the treaty of 1997), ratified by the Supreme Council of the Russian SFSR (23 November 1990), ratified by the Supreme Council of Ukraine (1990) "yes": 352, "nay": 0, ratified by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2 March 1999), the State Duma approved the denunciation of the treaty unanimously by 433 members of parliament on 31 March 2014, Some Russian nationalists have disputed Ukraine's independent existence, considering Ukrainians (as well as Belarusians) to belong to the Russian nation, and Ukraine to belong to, This page was last edited on 30 December 2020, at 07:18. 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