Species Plantarum 1: 83, https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/resources/iwmhub/common-weeds-of-cropping/annual-ryegrass, "Nandula VK, Poston DH, Eubank TW, Koger CH and Reddy KN, Differential response to glyphosate in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations from Mississippi. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Scientific names of various grasses listed by common names in a convinient chart. Ryegrass should not be confused with rye, which is a grain crop. The scientific name of Perennial Ryegrass is the botanical name or formal name. Sow into bared ground if direct drilling. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is regarded as a serious threat to one or more natural vegetation formations i… multiflorum . Omissions? in Colombia or Kenya, ryegrass is grown above 2400-2500 m alt. In the northern part of the state, productivity is seen from mid-February to May. Annual ryegrass toxicity, ergot and herbicide resistance can be a problem with this species. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is regarded as an environmental weed in New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The flower spikelets grow in the angles of a zigzag rachis (flower stem). Synonyms (former Scientific Names): Lolium perenne ssp. Lolium perenne L. Preferred Common Name. A number of species are grown as forage and lawn grasses in temperate Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of … Festuca perennis is the legitimate scientific name for annual ryegrass. perennial ryegrass; International Common Names. Grasses: Hybrid ryegrass. Ryegrass Scientific Name. A number of species are grown as forage and lawn grasses in temperate Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of pasture and lawn-seed mixtures used around the world. Modern winnowing techniques now separate the seed from rye seed, but in earlier times contaminated rye flour was a health hazard. English: annual ryegrass; westerwold ryegrass; Spanish: ballico de Italia; … Corrections? Like many cool-season grasses of the Poaceae, it harbors a symbiotic fungal endophyte, either Epichloë or its close relative Neotyphodium, both of which are members of the fungal family Clavicipitaceae. aristatum . [10][11], Some species, particularly L. temulentum, are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. Scientific Name and Common Name; Kingdom: Plantae – Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class multiflorumor Lolium multiflorum) is an annual in the grass family (Poaceae). The plant is often infected with a poisonous fungus (Neotyphodium species) that can be dangerous to grazing animals. Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass can hybridize, result… Preferred Scientific Name. Duration: Annual Stem Texture: Hairless/Smooth Growth Habit: Bunch grass, Grasses Season: Cool Distribution: 01 - Pineywoods, 02 - Gulf Prairies and Marshes, 03 - Post Oak Savannah, 04 - Blackland Prairies, 05 - Cross Timbers and Prairies, 07 - Edwards Plateau, 08 - Rolling Plains, 09 - High Plains, 10 - Trans-Pecos Spikel… Key Features. Other Common Name: Annual Rye-grass: Status: Native to the Mediterranean. The scientific name of Italian Ryegrass is the botanical name or formal name. Lolium perenne (Table 1) Lolium x boucheanumKunth (Table 2) - Refer Hybrid ryegrass fact sheet for details re description etc. The scientific name of Perennial ryegrass is Lolium Perenne, and the scientific name of annual ryegrass is Lolium Multiflorum. is a fungal body or sclerotium often found in many cereal grasses. Tetraploid annual type; Annual ryegrass is used mainly for pastures. Scientific name — Secale Cereale, cereal ryegrass is noted for its late fall to early spring nutrient scavenging and grazing potential, and is taller and quicker-growing than wheat. Stems are 12 to 40 inches tall and pale green to yellowish. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Lolium perenne . It's easy to be fooled, so let's distinguish between the three types. Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. Sowing/planting rates as single species Pasture: 25-30 kg/ha (diploid cultivars); 20-40 (4n) Lawn: 1-2 kg/100 sqm Parks, rehabilitation or revegetation single species: 75 kg to 100 kg per hectare. In the Gulf Coast regions, reason productivity can be expected from November to May. Often sown in mixtures with white clover. Ryegrass is ideally sown in late summer or spring. Ryegrasses can be annuals or perennials. Habit. The tufted plants reach about 0.3 to 1 metre (1 to 3.3 feet) tall and have tough dark green leaves. The plants have extensive root systems and are useful for erosion control. The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. Suited to drier margin of ryegrass zone. Scientific Name: Perennial Lolium Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae; Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiosperms Class: Monocotyledonae How to Plant Ryegrass. The primary species found worldwide and used for both lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne). Annual ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. Ryegrass, (genus Lolium), genus of about 10 species of grass in the family Poaceae. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. As the name suggests, annual ryegrass is a short-lived grass used to provide quick color, short-term erosion control or temporary stability for a single season. Lolium perenne, common name perennial ryegrass, English ryegrass, winter ryegrass, or ray grass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. Lightly harrow and roll to improve germination. Native to Annual ryegrass is native to Southern Europe while perennial ryegrass is native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. multiflorum. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world. [15], World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, "Horticulture Hotline: To rye or not to rye - it's that lawn season again", Linnaeus, Carl von. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. It is often used as a forage grass in winter pasture plantings and seeded in Bermudagrass pastures. Very strong cool season growth and nutritive value Hybrid ryegrass (short-lived type) 1. Darnel (L. temulentum), also known as poison ryegrass or tare, is considered a noxious weed in many areas. There is a large range of cultivars. For Wimmera ryegrass, the scientific name is Lolium rigidum … Italian ryegrass (biennial type) 1. Ryegrass varies from the most persistent (perennial ryegrass) to the least persistent (annual ryegrass) and can be broadly categorised by how long they live or persist. This species is grown as a pasture grass and is also deliberately planted in recreation areas in the temperate regions of Australia. Annual and Italian ryegrass These two ryegrass species are described together because they are used in similar situations, for their fast establishment and high winter - early spr… ... Scientific Name Lolium multiflorum. Suitable for oversowing into an established stand. Name: Ryegrass - Annual (Lolium rigidum) Description: Annual self-regenerating aggressive winter-spring growing ryegrass. Subordinate Taxa. Italicum . Sowing Rate: 25-30 kg/ha Blend Rate: 5-15 kg/ha. Lolium perenne var. Lolium italicum A. Braun; International Common Names. It has a wide ligule, long auricles and the emerging leaf is folded. It often becomes naturalised in agricultural areas, along roadsides and near habitation, but also invades a wide variety of natural habitats. Annual Ryegrass and Perennial ryegrass are very important for forage production or livestock production. Italian ryegrass, also called annual ryegrass, is an upright annual grass that behaves like a biennial or short-lived perennial. The ergot of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) Italian ryegrass. 1753. Updates? It is found throughout California to about 3300 feet (1000 m), except in deserts and the Great Basin and inhabits agricultural land and other disturbed places. Also grown in subtropical areas of Australia, S America and S Africa; in the tropics, ryegrass is grown to a limited extent at high altitudes, e.g. Common Name: Annual Ryegrass Scientific Name: Lolium multiflorum Family: Poaceae Cool-Season Grass. The most important cultivated temperate grasses. Sow at 20-25kg/ha alone or 5-15kg/ha as part of a mix. Scientific Name Lolium perenne ssp. Lolium contains some species which are important grasses for lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Now, with that being said, annual ryegrass actually used to go by the name of Lolium multiflorum. The leaves are shiny, especially on the back of the blade. Naturalised in all Australian States. The base (below ground) is often reddish purple in colour and seedlings exude a clear sap when crushed.Mature plants are erect and up to 900 millimetres (mm) in height. Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lolium multiflorum . The ergot body drops to the ground with the seed, lies dormant through the winter and produces millions of spores in the spring. There's more than one kind of ryegrass; in fact, three different types of grasses contain \"rye\" in their names. Like many cool-sea… The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. Annual ryegrass (L. rigidum) is one of the most serious and costly weeds of cropping systems in southern Australia, and herbicide resistance is a frequent problem. Plant Characteristics. Note that this species can be a weed in winter crops. Developed to combine strengths of perennialand Italian ryegrasses, particularly increased cool season growth and increased nutritive value (eg water soluble carbohydrate). Phantom is an annual tetraploid ryegrass selected for maximum dry matter production during winter and spring. Lolium perenne L. – perennial ryegrass. Common Name: Red Clover Scientific Name: Trifolium pratense Family: Fabaceae Leaves are long and narrow, without hairs, are ribbed on the upper surface and have a shiny lower surface. The scientific name for annual or Italian ryegrass is Lolium multiflorum Lamarck (Munz, 1973). Ryegrass, (genus Lolium), genus of about 10 species of grass in the family Poaceae. Perennial ryegrass is related to the turf grass known as annual ryegrass, but these two plants differ, too. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Annual ryegrass is hairless and has bright green, narrow leaves. [13][14] Italian ryegrass and a related species, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, are the two most common weedy ryegrasses in California. The inflorescence (flowering stems) are flat and up to 300mm in length. (1779) Preferred Common Name. multiflorum ← → Other Common Names: annual ryegrass. [12] Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever. The common name of this plant in Spanish is Lolium perenne. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. The common name of this plant in Spanish is raigrás italiano. Several former Lolium species now regarded as part of other genera: Castellia, Enteropogon, × Festulolium, Hainardia, Lepturus, Melica, and Vulpia. It grows vigorously in winter and early spring. Plant Characteristics. Italian Rye Grass Lolium multiflorum Grass family (Poaceae) Description: This grass is usually an annual, although sometimes it is a biennial or short-lived perennial. Preferred Scientific Name. Lolium multiflorum is the scientific name for annual ryegrass while Lolium perenne is the scientific name for the perennial ryegrass. Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family. The culm is pale green, terete, glabrous, and unbranched. Legumes: White Clover, Red and Persian clovers. Both names essentially mean the same thing, and there really isn’t that much more to say about the name. It is a purplish black, banana-shaped, 0.25- to 0.75-inchlong body replacing a grain in the seed head. The plants are unrelated to cereal rye (Secale cereale). Lolium perenne ssp. Cereal ryegrass germinates at temperatures as low as 34° F, is also drought-resistant, and flourishes in light soils, where most ryegrasses have problems growing. The primary species found worldwide and used both for lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). NOTE: Italian ryegrass (annual type) Cultivars of annual type Italian ryegrass are listed separately in the annualryegrass fact sheet NOTE: Hybrid ryegrass (long-lived type) Classed technically as hybrid ryegras… Lower stems and nodes are often purplish or reddish. Tennis courts, including those at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, the venue for Wimbledon, are planted with ryegrass. Common Name: Crimson Clover Scientific Name: Trifolium incarnatum Family: Fabaceae Cool-Season Legumes. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Lolium perenne var. It consists of a flowering culm with alternate leaves about 1-3' tall. [3][4] It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. Sowing/planting rates in mixtures 15-25 kg/ha (diploid cultivars); 20-40 (4n). Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n=14, and are closely related to the fescues (Festuca).[5][6][7][8]. The different kinds have different uses. Plant Description: Annual grass, up to 90 cm tall and forming tussocky clumps. Diploid ryegrass has a relatively small seed compared to tetraploid ryegrass and may be sown at a lighter rate. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Weed Tech 21: 477–482 (2006).doi 10.1614/WT-06-168.1", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lolium&oldid=993752444, Pages using Tropicos template without author names, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 08:26. Annual ryegrass is also called Italian ryegrass and is closely related to perennial ryegrasses. English: English ryegrass; Italian ryegrass; perennial rye grass; Spanish: ballico perenne; raigras ingles; vallico; French: ivraie vivace; ray-grass anglais; Portuguese: azevem-vivaz; gazao Phantom Annual Ryegrass. There is a large range of cultivars. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. This clump forming grass spreads by seed and has a fibrous root system. Ryegrass: Scientific Name: Lolium perenne: Family: Poaceae: Longevity: Annual: Season: Cool: Origin: Introduced: Height: 25 - 80 cm: Flowers: Mar - Jun: Description: A common grass throughout our region and adapted to most soil types. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Annual ryegrass can be grazed when plants reach an approximate height of 6-8 inches. Typical yields of annual ryegrass are 2 to 6 tons/ac. Italian ryegrass; Other Scientific Names. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. Glyphosate-resistant Lolium has been reported from Mississippi in 2006. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/ryegrass, The Spruce - Annual Ryegrass Plant Information, United States Department of Agriculture - Ryegrass, rye grass - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. [1], Lolium contains some species which are important grasses for lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Annual - Less than one year Italian - 1-2 years Short rotation - 2-5 years Perennial- 5 years 1. Productivity is seen from mid-February to May a same name accepted and used ryegrass scientific name one year Italian - years! 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