It is not useful to input large amounts of data. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile whereas RAM is volatile. • A computer is an electronic machine, devised for performing calculations and controlling operations that can be expressed either in logical or numerical terms. LCD monitors used to be lit primarily with CCFL (cold-cathode fluorescent lamps) backlights which contain mercury. The trouble may just be temporary, and if you’ll turn off the computer and try again, maybe everything will work fine.” [Read more…] about What is Fatal Error? In a computer, the printed circuit board that connects all parts of the computer together is called motherboard. The information stored on the ROM, chips is permanent and is stored when it's manufactured. in favor of another when looking for more capacity, faster load times, or dynamically shifting capacities. If your system is working okay already, don’t bother with this information because it’s pretty technical. Scanners also called Optical scanners as they use a light beam to scan the input data. [Read more…] about What is DPI (Dots Per Inch)? SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES: CPU CACHE MEMORY RAM A storage medium that holds information until it is deleted or overwritten. introduction-to-computer-lecture-1 - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Computer hardware is the physical part of the computer including the digital circuits inside the computer. Introduction to Computing Lecture notes and computer exercises Karin Carling Gotebor¨ g 2001. The number of registers that a CPU has and the size of each (number of bits) help determine the power and speed of a CPU. LIMITATIONS OF A COMPUTER: A computer can only perform what it is programmed to do. About Us |  Contact Us |  FAQ |  Write for Us Dinesh Thakur is a Technology Columinist and founder of Computer Notes.Copyright © 2020. (The register can contain the address of a memory location where data is stored rather than the actual data itself.) Comment goes here. OS is a collection of system programs that together controls the operation of a computer system. Firmware cannot be altered, per se, but in some cases the whole chip can be completely replaced by a technician when it becomes outdated or obsolete. Multi-programming os: Multiprogramming is a rudimentary form of parallel processing in which several programs are run at the same time on a uni-processor. about What is Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM)? [Read more…] about What is DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)? If the program cannot function properly, the operating system again takes control, stops the application, and displays and error message. Course Administration & Requirements • Exams and Assessment – Basically 2 exams method Mid & Final – 10 % Quiz – 10 % Assignments – 10 % Final Project – 30 % Mid – 40 % Final – (so you must start getting worried about it !!!) Explain the Input & Output devices? CPU consists of three main subsystems, which work together to provide operational capabilities to the computer. Introduction to Information Technology 2. The computer needs well-defined instructions to perform any operation. We have included this unit to help those who are teaching students with no computer background. Other Important Link related Book: Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft Power Point . The Mouse This is the other way to interact with your computer. For example a 32-bit CPU is one in which each register is 32 bits wide. Definition: Auxiliary memory (also referred to as secondary storage) is the non-volatile memory lowest-cost, highest-capacity, and slowest-access storage in a computer system. The hardware consists of the physical equipments which makes up the computer system like Monitor, Keyboard, CPU, Hard Disk, Floppy drive, Printer etc. Note :- These notes are according to the R09 Syllabus book of JNTU.In R13 and R15,8-units of R09 syllabus are combined into 5-units in R13 and R15 syllabus. about What is IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)? LED backlighting is generally thought to be better for the environment since it contains no mercury and uses less power than a CCFL system. They available in different sizes (14-21 inches & more) CRT Monitors: Computer monitors uses CRT technology (Cathode Ray Tube) A Beam of electrons (cathode rays) emitted by the electron gun falls on the phosphor-coated screen, in a short period (10-60 microseconds) image will be appeared on the monitor Most screens are capable of displaying 80 characters of data horizontally and 25 lines vertically. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Since the computer is capable of doing only what it is instructed to do, faulty instructions for data processing may lead to faulty results. Floppy disks are slower to access than hard disks and have less storage capacity, but they are less expensive and portable. Nowadays it is also used in other systems. Let us discuss some of the characteristics of computers, which make them an essential part of every emerging technology and such a desirable tool in human development. In humans, the memory is mind warehouse , where are stored for a later use the various components experience. 3. Current uses for flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors, laptop computer, graphics display. 3. Registers receive the information, hold it temporarily & pass it on as directed by the Control Unit. If you leave the computer for a short time, only a few minutes, someone might remove all your files, steal you printer-quotaand send offensivee-mailsin your name! ACHARYA N.G.RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY LECTURE NOTES Course No : STCA-301 Introduction to [Read more…] about What is Memory? The major reasons behind the reliability of computers are that, at hardware level, it does not require any human intervention between its processing operations. An effective interface of an operating system does not concern the user with the internal workings of the system. Parts of a Keyboard 1 Escape Key Function Keys Typewriter Keys S ace Bar ontrolKeys Extra Keys * E'3Z Cursor Keys Shift Keys Numeric Enter Key 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Alt Keys Windows, Unit 1 Introduction to computers Keyboard: It is the standard Input device for CUI Systems (Character User Interface). [Read more…] about What is EEPROM? The secondary memory is accessed indirectly via input/output operations. Mouse allows us to create graphic elements on the screen such as lines, curves etc... so it is very important for GUI (Graphical User Interface). Storage Capability: Computers can store large amounts of data and can recall the required information almost instantaneously. There are many Input & Output devices, let's have a look on most commonly used Input & Output devices. Wheels are inexpensive & removable, if you want to change the font style you've to replace the wheel. MAGNETIC DISKS: A magnetic disk is a circular platter that is made of smooth metal or mylar plastic. The data can be erased and reprogrammed by using ultraviolet (UV) light. Memory mapping is the translation between the logical address space and the physical memory. Question of security and integrity of user programs and data. Virtual memory increases the available memory of computer by enlarging the "address space", or places in allocation. In some cases, we have the option of foregoing one type in favor of another when looking for more capacity, faster load times, or dynamically shifting capacities. 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